![]() The word ‘abolish’ is negative and associated with anger.ĭo sentiment analysis on all the words in a novel, poem or play and plot the results against time, and it’s possible to see how the mood changes over the course of the text, revealing a kind of emotional narrative. For example, the word ‘happy’ is positive, and associated with joy, trust and anticipation. Depending on the lexicon chosen, a word can be categorised as positive (happy) or negative (sad), or it can be associated with one or more of eight more subtle emotions, including fear, joy, surprise and anticipation. The researchers used sentiment analysis to get the data – a statistical technique often used by marketeers to analyse social media posts in which each word is allocated a particular ‘sentiment score’, based on crowdsourced data. Oedipus – a fall, a rise then a fall again Riches to rags – a fall from good to bad, a tragedyģ. Rags to riches – a steady rise from bad to good fortuneĢ. The Vermont researchers describe the six story shapes behind more than 1700 English novels as:ġ. Professor Matthew Jockers at Washington State University, and later researchers at the University of Vermont’s Computational Story Lab, analysed data from thousands of novels to reveal six basic story types – you could call them archetypes – that form the building blocks for more complex stories. "Thanks to new text-mining techniques, this has now been done. “There is no reason why the simple shapes of stories can’t be fed into computers”, he remarked. The arcs include ‘man in hole’, in which the main character gets into trouble then gets out again (“people love that story, they never get sick of it!”) and ‘boy gets girl’, in which the protagonist finds something wonderful, loses it, then gets it back again at the end. In a 1995 lecture, Vonnegut chalked out various story arcs on a blackboard, plotting how the protagonist’s fortunes change over the course of the narrative on an axis stretching from ‘good’ to ‘ill’. The thesis sank without a trace, but Vonnegut continued throughout his life to promote the big idea behind it, which was: “stories have shapes which can be drawn on graph paper”. And Fogel is 100% on board with that thinking.“My prettiest contribution to the culture” was how the novelist Kurt Vonnegut described his old master’s thesis in anthropology, “which was rejected because it was so simple and looked like too much fun”. ![]() Many will likely connect the events in "Icarus" to the allegations that Russia interfered in the US 2016 presidential election. “So at Sundance we had a lot of cards because we didn't have the time to put that together.” Also different from the Sundance cut, there’s now animation in the movie. Showing and not telling,” Fogel said, who adds that the story also now goes quicker into Rodchenkov’s story. “The movie has the same running time, but we lost 20 minutes of material that was in the Sundance cut, and replaced that with 20 minutes of material that is bringing this story together emotionally. In fact, some of that footage has only recently been included in the movie, as Fogel didn’t have enough time to get it into the Sundance cut. Fogel was there to capture it all on camera. This led to the movie's most dramatic moment, Rodchenkov getting in touch with the New York Times in May 2016 to deliver the whistle-blowing story that rocked the sports world. This story had to come out, and Grigory was the only person on planet earth who had this evidence.”įogel and Rodchenkov’s faces were suddenly plastered all over Russian television, and Fogel claiming his Facebook and email were constantly trying to be hacked into. “I had so many sleepless nights in that period,” Fogel said. But his “Super Size Me”-like journey to see how performance enhancing drugs bettered his cycling led to a friendship with Rodchenkov, which inevitably became his movie.Īs shown halfway through "Icarus," Fogel begins to realize through his Skype conversations with Rodchenkov that he’s a major player in Russia’s doping of its athletes. Fogel admitted that the first two years of material hardly even made it in the finished version of the movie. It took years to find what the movie was. He hired a team of nutritionists and trainers to chart his progress, and through that he befriended the man who would be in charge of his doping process, a Russian scientist named Grigory Rodchenkov. ![]() In 2014, Fogel used $350,000 given to him by a friend and began to make “Icarus” (available on Netflix Friday). “Show on a bigger level how this anti-doping system essentially doesn’t work and hopefully make a cool movie in the process.” “I like to make films and I like to ride my bike, so I set out on this journey to evade positive detection,” Fogel said. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders.
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